Novine ili internet? Kako se danas čitaju vesti i koja je sudbina štampanih izdanja?

U prirodi svakog čoveka je znatiželja i želja da čuje vesti o nekom događaju, bilo da se radi o događajima iz života pojedinaca ili o vestima o geopolitičkim promenama, ratovima ili sportskim vestima. Još u antičko doba je organizovan poseban sistem glasnika kako bi se vesti što pre prenele, a svima je poznat primer Grka koji je preminuo nakon što je trčao da bi javio ishod bitke na Maratoskom polju. Glasnici su bili posebni službenici na svakom dvoru u srednjem veku. U gradovima su se na trgovima objavljivale informacije o ishodima na bojnim poljima, o podizanju poreza ili informacije o rođenjima, ženidbama ili smrtima vladara ili bitnijih veleposednika.

Novine su se pojavile još u srednjem veku, međutim, svoju današnju formu su stekle tek u 17. veku, nakon razvoja štampe i povećanja broja pismenog stanovništva u doba humanizma i renesanse. To je svakako bio najlakši način za prenošenje vesti o aktuelnim dešavanjima. Tada je nastala i profesija novinara, ljudi čiji je zadatak bio isključivo traženje vesti i izveštavanje o aktuelnim događajima. 

U 19. veku došlo je do nekog vida revolucije u štampi, kada su se, zahvaljujući razvoju popularne kulture pojavili specijalizovani magazini za žene i omladinu. Vesti koje su se u njima prenosile nisu bile klasične dnevnopolitičke ili ekonomske, već su članci bili o modi, krojevima, dešavanjima u sportu. Pored izveštavanja o „zabavnim“ događajima, postojale su i specijalizovane trač rubrike, a glavni „akteri“ istih su bili uglavnom članovi višeg staleža, aristokrate i bogati ljudi.

Kada su se vesti preselile na elektronske medije?

Razvojem radio aparata i usavršavanjem emitovanja programa na daljinu vesti su se „preselile“, odnosno, počele su da se slušaju, a ne samo čitaju. Uprkos tome, broj čitalaca štampanih izdanja nije bio smanjen.

Novi udarac za štampane medije bio je razvoj televizije sredinom 20. veka. Izveštavanje o aktuelnim događajima, praćenim slikom i tonom svakako je bilo primamljivije širokim narodnim masama. U dnevnu rutinu pojedinaca ubrzo je ušlo gledanje večernjih informativnih emisija, a nakon toga i slušanje jutarnjih vesti u toku spremanja za posao ili školu. Uprkos tome, mnogi su ipak zadržali naviku da uz prvu jutarnju kafu prelistavaju dnevne novine.

Tehnološka revolucija, razvoj interneta, kompjutera i „pametnih“ telefona zadali su najveći udarac štampanim medijima od kada postoje. Još dvedesetih godina velike novinske kuće u Velikoj Britaniji i Americi su prve počele da svoje vesti objavljuju na internetu. Tu praksu su kasnije preuzeli i ostali, dok se u 21. veku dogodio pravi tehnološki bum pojavom pametnih telefona. Sada su svi mogli da saznaju najnovije vesti u samo par klikova.

Kako su troškovi rada mnogo manji nego kada se rade štampana izdanja, odjednom su počeli da se pojavljuju brojni novinski portali. Osim zbog cene rada, prenošenje vesti preko interneta je mnogo lakše zbog brzine prenosa informacija. Sada se nakon samo par minuta mogu saznati vesti sa drugog kraja planete.

Zbog toga se dovodi u pitanje koja je sudbina štampanih novina. Praksa čitanja novina polako nestaje, objavljuju se sve manji tiraži, a korisnici vesti uglavnom čitaju na svojim telefonima. Neki predviđaju da će štampani listovi u potpunosti nestati, dok drugi, optimisti, tvrde da će za nekih 10 godina štampane novine i dalje postojati, ali, da će njihova cena biti toliko velika da uopšte neće biti isplativo praviti ih.

49 одговора на „Novine ili internet? Kako se danas čitaju vesti i koja je sudbina štampanih izdanja?“

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