Šta su toplotne pumpe i čemu služe

Šta su tolpotne pumpe

Toplotne pumpe su uređaji kojima se toplotna energija prenosi kroz sredine. Toplotne pumpe se u toku zime koriste za grejanje, dok se u letnjim mesecima koriste za hlađenje prostorija. Toplotne pumpe, kod nas odavno postaju sve više popularne zbog svoje moći štednje energije.

Tako je poznato da se za 1kW električne energije dobije čak i do 6 kW toplotne energije, što u prevodu znači da je korišćenje toplotne pumpe jeftinije i do 75% u odnosu na ostale načine grejanja, bilo da su to drva, ugalj, gas ili struja. Takođe, pored toga što služe za grejanje prostorija, uz ove uređaje moguće je grejati i sanitarnu vodu i opet uštedeti oko 75% energije, a samim tim uštedeti i utrošen novac..

Znači da je danas moguće da se zimi greju, a leti hlade prostorije u kojima boravimo, i uz to da računi za utrošenu struju budu daleko manji nego što su nekada bili.

Vrste toplotne pumpe

Postoji više vrsta toplotnih pumpi u zavisnosti od toga koji izvor energije iz prirode koriste. Tako postoje topolotne pumpe sa izvorima:

  • Vazduh- voda koja uzima spoljašnji vazuduh i izvlači iz njega energiju. Prednost ovakve pumpe jeste da traži najmanje investicije.
  • Zemlja- voda koja iz dubina zemlje izvlači energiju uz pomoć geosonde.
  • Voda- voda izvor jeste kada toplotna pumpa koristi energiju iz podzemnih voda, čija je temperatura oko 10C i više stepeni. Za ovu vrstu potrebno je imati dva bunara, jedan iz kog se voda crpi i drugi u koji se hladna voda vraća.

 

Kako rade toplotne pumpe

Toplotne pumpe rade po ciklusima, gde jedan ciklus označava kada tečni gas ulazi u isparivač a zatim odatle isparava do kompresora koji ga sabija i tako ga zagreva na određenu temperaturu. Zagrejan gas tada odlazi u kondenzator gde ponovo postaje tečan, a zatim preko izmenjivača odaje toplotu vodi za grejanje.

Na kraju se ciklus završava tako što gas odlazi u ekspanzioni ventil, odakle sve kreće ispočetka.

Prednosti i mane

Toplotne pumpe nose određene prednosti u odnosu na druge načine grejanja. Pa jedna od tih prednosti jeste i ušeteda električne energije a samim tim i smanjeni troškovi grejanja i hlađenja. Druga važna stvar je da su uređaji ekološki uredni i da ne zagađuju okolinu, već samo koriste prirodne resurse.

 

Sve pumpe su nečujne i nećete imatai problema sa bukom koje mogu proizvoditi drugi uređaji. Veoma su praktične, ne prave gužvu u domaćinstvu niti traže pažnju u vidu čišćenja, loženja itd. Još jedna bitna stvar za navesti jeste da se konačno možete osloboditi pitanja gde ćete nabaviti drva, ugalj, naftu i koliko je njihova cena porasla u odnosu na prethodnu sezonu.

Ali kao što znamo jeste da nije sve savršeno, pa tako i ovi uređaji imaju po neku manu. Jedna od njih jeste da s obzirom na to da učestalost korišćenja toplotnih pumpi nije toliko zastupljena kod nas, još uvek, problem se dešava ukoliko se uređaj pokvari,

Iako distributeri garantuju da toplotne pumpe imaju dug životni vek, ukoliko se kvar dogodi, problem je pronaći novi deo koji treba zameniti, ali i pronaći obučenog servisera. Iz tog razloga, pre nego što se odlučite na kupovinu toplotne pumpe, potrebno je raspitati se koji su uređaji najbolji za vašu lokaciju, koje su cene delova i da li postoje ovlašćeni servisi za popravku.

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30 одговора на „Šta su toplotne pumpe i čemu služe“

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